I’d like to continue to send.I’d like to to report the discovery of international treaties and legislation that may be related to or in conflict with technology crimes, high-tech crimes, and high-tech attacks that abuse satellites.
In particular, the principle of peaceful use under the Outer Space Treaty, the permission system for satellite management under the Space Activity Law, the Land Remote Sensing Policy Law, which is a law related to remote sensing, the permission system for the use of satellite remote sensing devices, measures to prevent unauthorized use, etc,
Measures to prevent the use of unauthorized persons, satellite remote sensing record holders as an obligation of satellite remote sensing record holders are high except for those who have been certified by this law and when they are carried out by an appropriate method to a specific handling organization. The rule that the satellite remote sensing recording of resolution should not be provided,
regarding satellite remote sensing records, the provider is limited to certified persons or specific handling organizations,
In addition, remote sensing technology on satellites, monitoring and peeping of people outside and inside buildings that abuse radar waves, and illegal acquisition of thinking, sight, hearing, and biometric information that abuses BMI and BCI also violate laws and regulations. It seems that it is.
▼Outer Space Treaty
Freedom to explore and use outer space
It is stipulated in Article 1. The exploration and utilization of outer space, including celestial bodies, is freely carried out by all humankind “for the benefit of all nations” and “according to international law.”
Prohibition of territory
Provided in Article 2. No nation can claim sovereignty over outer space, including celestial bodies.
Principle of peaceful use
Provided in Article 4. Objects carrying weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons (missile satellites, etc.) must not be placed in orbit around the earth or deployed in outer space.
Also, the moon and other celestial bodies are used exclusively for peaceful purposes, and military use is prohibited at all.
Principle of concentration of responsibility on the nation
Provided in Articles 6 and 7. Regardless of whether the space activity is carried out by a government agency or a non-governmental organization, the state bears international responsibility for the activities carried out by its own country.
If a launched space object causes damage to another country, the launching country will be liable for infinite liability.
※I think the governments of each country are leading the treaties and statutes.
Screen captures and recorded videos, photos, recordings, testimonies, etc. of personal computers, computers, software for satellite operation management systems, BMI, BCI, software for biometric information analysis, etc. that will be used for crimes by providing information in the future If the evidence is gathered and reported, I think it will be dealt with.
▼Space Activity Law
Relationship with the Outer Space Treaty
Article 6 of the Outer Space Treaty stipulates that “the activities of non-governmental organizations in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, require the permission and continuous supervision of the parties concerned with the Treaty.”
Space activities by private organizations are permitted and require continuous supervision by the state. The Space Activities Act was created to meet the demands of the Outer Space Treaty.
Launch permission system
Permission system for satellite management
Even if the artificial satellite is successfully launched, it does not mean that anyone can manage it, and permission is required to manage the artificial satellite.
Also, when re-entry a satellite that has finished its role, it must be safe and consistent with the treaty.
Third party damages
It is easy to imagine that if a rocket falls into an urban area, it will cause terrible damage.
Under the Space Activities Act, the responsibility for accidents caused by launches is concentrated on the launchers, and they are liable for negligence (even if they are careful).
This is to help those who are not blamed for the damage caused by the accident.
However, when such heavy responsibility is involved, it may undermine the spirit of challenge of business operators and may adversely affect space development.
Therefore, the responsibility of the business operator is covered by insurance, and the government covers a part of the part that cannot be covered by insurance.
■Other penalties, etc.
Penal provisions are stipulated in Article 60 for those who commit acts that violate this law.
For example, if a launch or artificial satellite management is performed without obtaining the above-mentioned various permits, “imprisonment of up to 3 years, a fine of up to 3 million yen, or both”
Will be done.
▼Laws related to remote sensing
Example: Land Remote Sensing Policy Law
* Remote sensing is a technology that “examines without touching objects”.
There are various types of remote sensing, but satellite remote sensing is the process of mounting a dedicated measuring instrument (sensor) on an artificial satellite and examining (observing) the earth.
Sensors mounted (mounted) on satellites observe electromagnetic waves that are reflected from the oceans, forests, cities, clouds, etc. on the earth and that they emit. The following can be seen from the observation results.
Measuring plants Deforestation, desertification, crops (paddy fields)
Heat island phenomenon that measures the temperature of the earth’s surface
Kuroshio meandering to measure sea surface temperature, El Nino phenomenon, fishing ground prediction
Creating a map to measure the height of the earth’s surface
Weather forecast to measure cloud condition, rain intensity, internal condition of typhoon
Measure the water situation The amount of water stored in the dam and the damage situation of the flood
■Overview
It is a law regarding the handling of data obtained by devices mounted on artificial satellites.
While satellite data is expected to be used in a wide range of fields such as agriculture, disaster prevention, and social infrastructure development, it has been necessary to develop a mechanism to prevent misuse.
Therefore, in order to ensure proper handling, the following three points are largely disciplined.
1. Permit system for using satellite remote sensing equipment
2. Obligation of satellite remote sensing record holder
3. Certification of a person who handles satellite remote sensing records
I’d like to introduce the outline of the three disciplines at once.
(1) Permit system for using satellite remote sensing equipment
The use of high-resolution satellite remote sensing equipment is permitted.
1. Unauthorized use prevention measures
2. Prohibition of use other than application receiving equipment
3. Stop outside the application track
4. Imposing obligations such as measures at the end of use
Under the Remote Sensing-related Law and the Land Remote Sensing Policy Law, anyone who intends to use a satellite remote sensing device using operating radio equipment must obtain permission for each satellite remote sensing device. It is stipulated that.
In other words, the users of satellite remote sensing equipment (mainly satellite manufacturers) are limited to those permitted by the country.
And the authorized person, the use prevention measures of the unauthorized person, the function stop when the device goes out of the assumed trajectory, the prohibition of use other than the receiving equipment related to the permission, the book recording of the usage status, the device termination measures, etc. Obligations are imposed.
However, the “satellite remote sensing device” here refers to a high-resolution satellite remote sensing device.
The object discrimination system is a high-performance system that is sufficient to grasp the movement of vehicles, ships, aircraft and other mobile facilities, and the national government has set the standard.
For example, in the case of standard data recorded by an optical sensor, the object discrimination accuracy is less than 25 centimeters.
And if it does not meet this standard, it will not be applied.
2. Obligation of satellite remote sensing record holder
The satellite remote sensing record holder shall not provide high-resolution satellite remote sensing records except to those who have been certified by this law or to a specific handling organization by an appropriate method.
The satellite remote sensing record is one of the records acquired by using the satellite remote sensing device, which may hinder the peace assurance of the international community by considering the object discrimination system, processing level, elapsed time from the recording, etc. Refers to those that meet the standards set by the government.
And, regarding the above-mentioned satellite remote sensing records, the provider is limited to the certified person or the specific handling organization.
When providing it, it is obligatory to confirm the certificate and take preventive measures against the acquisition and use of persons other than the other party by encryption.
In addition, there is an obligation to take necessary and appropriate measures against the leakage of records.
However, the satellite data here is intended for raw data or temporary processed data such as geometry processing, and is not applicable to high value-added data such as being able to be superimposed on a map. Yes, no permission is required for use.
Unlike raw data and temporary processing data, high value-added data is data that has been processed to some extent, so it is thought that the risk of misuse is eliminated.
Therefore, permission is not required for data that is sold or published.
However, depending on how it is used, it may conflict with privacy, copyright, etc., so it should be noted that this time, the Information Law and Intellectual Property Law will become a problem instead of the satellite Limosen Law.
3.Certification of a person who handles satellite remote sensing records
Those who handle satellite remote sensing records can be certified that they can properly handle satellite remote sensing records according to the classification of the records.
Those who handle satellite remote sensing records can be certified by the country as being recognized as being able to handle satellite remote sensing records properly.
And you need to submit an application to be certified.
Those who have been certified will be obliged to record the books regarding the handling status of satellite remote sensing records.
■ Other penalties, etc.
Penalties are also stipulated in this law. For example, if the satellite remote sensing record is provided to an uncertified person without the permission of the government, it is said that “the imprisonment for up to 3 years, the fine of up to 1 million yen, or both” will be imposed.
In addition to the above, human rights violations of the national constitution,Prefectural and municipal nuisance prevention regulations,
Stoker regulation law,Criminal law murder preliminary crime, suicide involvement attempted crime, suicide incitement attempted crime, suicide aiding attempted crime,
forcible obstruction of business,Intimidation, injury charges, unfair competition prevention law violations,
(Illegal collection of company confidential information, business partners, customer information, intellectual property, etc. by remotely misusing technologies such as BMI and BCI)
Illegal acts of the Civil Code (when physically or mentally damaged, liability for damages arises or accompanies)
Default of the Civil Code (when there is some kind of contractual relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, for example, employment contract, sale, lease, etc.)
Violation of the Radio Law
Opening a radio station A person who intends to open a radio station must obtain a license from the regulatory agency.
Operation of radio equipment of amateur radio stations
The operation of radio equipment of amateur radio stations must be performed only by radio operators, as provided for in the next article.
A person who falls under any of the following items shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 1 year or a fine of not more than 1 million yen.(in Japan’s case)
A person who has established a radio station without a license (omitted) under the Radio Law.
A person who falls under any of the following items shall be punished by a fine of not more than 300,000 yen.(in Japan’s case)
Persons who violated the rules for operating radio equipment of amateur radio stations.
It seems that the above applies or conflicts.
Please share it with the people concerned and make use of it.